조선일보 모의고사 지문 중 일부입니다.
해석 좀 도와주세요.
During the fifth century B.C. the council of 500 was extremely influential in shaping policy. [ ] In the next century, however, it was the mature assembly that took on decision-making responsibility. [ ] By any measure other than that of the aristocrats, who had been upstaged by supposedly inferior “people,” the Athenian democracy was a stunning success. Never before, or since, have so many people been involved in the serious business of self-governance. [ ] It was precisely this opportunity to participate in public life that provided a stimulus for the briliiant unfolding of classical Greek culture.
지문 일부 내용이구요. 밑줄 친 부분이 궁금합니다.
둘째 문장; 그러나 다음 세기에 이르러, 의사 결정의 책임이 있는 성숙한 기관이 되었다.
해석 맞나요?
셋째 문장; 빨간 표시된 부분 해석을 못 하겠어요. 특히나 that이 가리키는 게 무엇인가요?
고수님들 부탁드립니다..