The phonograph cylinder was a remarkable invention that allowed sounds to be recorded and reproduced--the earliest instrument to do both (édouard--Léon Scott de Martinville created a phonautograph that could record sound in a visible format, but could not play it back). First invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, the phonograph cylinder was wrapped in a scratchable medium and then rotated under a stylus that was attached to the speaking tube. When sound entered the tube, the attached diaphragm would vibrate, causing the point of the stylus to create indentations of varying depths; meanwhile, the cylinder was rotated by a hand crank at a rate of 60 revolutions per minute. The cylinder could then be played back by drawing a lighter stylus along the indentations that caused the diaphragm of a second tube, the speaking tube, to vibrate, replicating the recorded sounds. Over time, the phonograph slowly evolved. Cylinders were wrapped in wax instead of with tin foil, a motorized crank and more effective recording media were developed, and the cylinder itself was replaced with a disc that allowed for more durable creations. These evolved into record players as we know them.

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

 A Cylinders were more fragile than discs.

 B The original phonograph used wax cylinders to record sound.

 C Thomas Edison had the idea to use wax instead of tin foil.

 D Early phonographs used the same stylus to record and play sound.

 E Thomas Edison invented the first sound-recording device.

2. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT a contribution by Thomas Edison to the phonograph?

 A He designed a cylindrical rotating object as the recording medium.

 B He designed the phonograph to have a consistent speed.

 C He designed the disc as a more durable format than the cylinder.

 D He designed cylinders wrapped in a malleable substance.

 E He created a device that could play sounds as well as record them.

3. Based on the context, the styluses described in the passage most closely resemble

 A pens

 B needles

 C scalpels

 D pillars

 E razors