▶ Your Answer :
In this set of issues, both the reading passage and the speaker discuss whether there had been large, advanced civilization in the Amazon. To be specific, according to the reading passage, it is impossible that such civilization had florished in the Amazon. However, the speaker contradicts this argument for following three reasons.
To begin with, the lecturer argues that there had been the developed civilization in the Amazon on the basis of archeologists' discoveries. According to them, they has found some orginized systems such as roads and buildings, and they are speculated to be used for connecting towns. The citizens in the area might have worked together by communicating with each other despite of lots of vegetaion in jungle. This contradicts the reading passage's argument that people who had lived in the Amazon might have not communicated with each other, and there had been difficulty to do cooperative works because the jungle had been so densed.
Moreover, the speaker claims that people who lived in the Amazon used sophisticated tools. This is because some complexed tools such as ceramic vessels, potteries, and bowls are found nearby a river in the area. These things are only made by highly developed skills. Therefore, ancient inhabitants of the area are guessed to have advanced toolmaking technology, and this claim refutes the reading passage's explanation that ancient people of the Amazon had not high level of technology to produce.
Finally, the professor asserts that it is not reasonable to think that no large civilization existed in the Amazon even so European expeditions did not discovered some evidence. This is because the Amazon is so vast, and many regions of the area are unexplored until now. As the discovery of the Cambodia's old city shows, it is not surprising not to discover ancient cities or buildings since it is easy to cover something in the jungle. Hence, this assertion of the professor casts doubt the reading passage's opinion that no evidence related with large civilization in the Amazon show that such developed society did not existed in the area.
In conclusion, the speaker challenges the explanation from the reading passage in account ot the reasons stated above. |