▶ Your Answer :
The reading and the lecture both talk about
playing in animal kingdom. The article says that there are three theories to
support that why animals play. However, the lecturer argues that these theories
have disputation.
First, the reading says about surplus energy
theory that animals play because they have extra energy. On the contrary, the
lecturer disagrees with this argument. He claims that this theory is wrong; for
example, young marine animals play when they are hungry. He also points out
that mammals continue to play when they have not nutrition.
Second,
in the reading, the author says about instinct-practice theory that play have a
role in instinctual impulse. In contrast, the lecturer counters this opinion.
The counter argument is that instinct-practice theory has logical problem.
Additionally, he notes that playing is not required for survival for animals.
He goes further and says that animals often died when they are playing. There
are a lot of death and injury in reality.
Finally,
the final point made in reading is socialization theory that playing is the way
to establish relationships in a community. However, the lecturer contradicts
this point by stating that wolves continue play when they grow into adulthood.
Plus, he says that relationship between wolf and other animals make by battle
and the battle causes serious injury for them.
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