▶ Your Answer :
The reading passage contends that there are very useful some theories. The theories that animal kingdom play explains some interesting behavior of animals. On the other hand, the lecturer brings up several points that contradict this argument. First, the speakers argues that surplus energy theory is not necessary studies because marin animals generally play when they are hungry. Also, even if they are malnourished, they can play equally in comparison to every other days. This casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim is that surplus energy theory is a beneficial for animals to consume their remnantal energy. This is a important theory for creature with respect to use the excess energy in order to playful behavior, especially mammals spare their energy to expend this purpose, either. Second, according to the lecturer, instinct-practice theory is no doubt to disadvantages for survival desire. Frankly speaking, play is even risky because play is possible to seduce attention of dangerous predators. For example, fur seal which is a marine animal died of this playing in that play will give rise to serious injury as well as death. This counters the reading passage’s argument is that instinct-practice theory, which is mentioned that play for instinctual impetus that serves specific survival purposes. For example, young deers encourage them to escape from unsafe predators. The final point made by the lecturer is that there is a preposterous fact which is called socialization theory. This is because wolves do play after they become adult. And plus, they determine their states through actual strife and this will bring about serious injured. The refutes the reading passages’s assertion is this socialization theory, which is a linked to play for building relationship of animals. For instance, wolf generally playing fight because of establishing dominance of their seats. |