The reading and the lecturer are talking about women's participation in science field. Here, the reading mainly are arguing that women are still disproportionate to men in the field by giving three main reasons. However, the lecturer claims that situation for women scientist is getting better by giving some postivie phenomena to reduce these reasons.
First, he argues that teachers in recent school are trying to encourage women students who are analystical to become women scientists by giving example of some great women scientists and emphasizing how important to be women scientists. This alleiviate women students' negative minds for becoming scientist.
Second, he claims that there are many fiancial advantages for women students who want to be scientists, even though there is still low salaries and the gruelling hard work. However, he believes that financial scholarship and diverse foundation help women change their minds to be scientists.
Finally, he says that women make their own organization to protect their rights in a science field. This group primarily works for dealing with male dominant field's problems deals with problems like sexual harrassment. In a group, women emotionally touch each other, so they are making their group members to be confident and stable and sometimes they have fun activities together. This helps women survive in a male dominant science field. Above these three reasons, the lecturer believes that women have hope in science filed, even though they still are not as qualified as men.