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1. Question
Diseases
One of the most talked about diseases is skin cancer. Cancer is a broad term that describes diseases caused by abnormal cells in the body dividing uncontrollably. Most cancers are identified by the organ or tissue in which the cancer originates. One common form of cancer is skin cancer. The Skin Cancer Foundation reports that one in five Americans will experience some type of skin cancer in their lifetime. The degradation of the ozone layer in the atmosphere and the resulting increase in exposure to UV radiation has contributed to its rise. Overexposure to UV radiation damages DNA, which can lead to the formation of cancerous lesions. Although melanin offers some protection against DNA damage from the sun, often it is not enough. The fact that cancers can also occur on areas of the body that are normally not exposed to UV radiation suggests that there are additional factors that can lead to cancerous lesions.
Q. All of the following statements are true of cancer except …
a. The term "cancer" usually describes diseases that cause irregular cells to multiply uncontrollably
b. The most common and fatal form of cancer is skin cancer
c. Approximately 20% of Americans will experience a form of skin cancer
d. Harm to our DNA can cause cancerous spots to form
2. Question
Plate Tectonics
Geology is the study of Earth’s crust and the processes that have shaped its surface throughout history. Heat escaping from the interior provides energy for the formation of our planet’s mountains, valleys, volcanoes, and even the continents and ocean basins themselves. But not until the middle of the twentieth century did geologists succeed in understanding just how these landforms are created.
Plate tectonics is a theory that explains how slow motions within the mantle of Earth move large segments of the crust, resulting in a gradual “drifting” of the continents as well as the formation of mountains and other large-scale geological features. Plate tectonics is a concept as basic to geology as evolution by natural selection is to biology or gravity is to understanding the orbits of planets. Looking at it from a different perspective, plate tectonics is a mechanism for Earth to transport heat efficiently from the interior, where it has accumulated, out to space. It is a cooling system for the planet. All planets develop a heat transfer process as they evolve; mechanisms may differ from that on Earth as a result of chemical makeup and other constraints.
Q. According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements about plate tectonics is NOT true?
a. Plate tectonics is the proven way in which the Earth’s mantle moves which results in the creation of mountains
b. It is as fundamental to the study of geology as evolution is to biology
c. It is a means by which the planet Earth moves heat into space from its core
d. It is not how all planets transport heat