▶ Your Answer :
The reading passage contends that it is
doubtful that the Amazon has a large, advanced civilization. On the other hand,
the lecturer brings up several points that contradict this argument.
First, the reading passage states that the
dense jungle hindered the formation of a vast civilization. However, the
lecturer rebuts the reading passage’s assertion by saying that even though there
was the high concentration of vegetation, there are many signs showing that it
was able to build organized system such as canal. Because canal passed through
the jungle, this enabled people to communicate and work each other. This
implies that cooperative effort would have been possible.
Second, the reading passage explains that
the artifacts that have been uncovered in the Amazon lack sophistication.
However, the lecturer states that it is not enough to prove it. This is because
pottery such as vessel was found in the Amazon River. Moreover, this pottery
can be found only highly advanced society. This shows that Amazon was an
advanced society.
Third, the reading passage states that
European explorers proved that no large civilization existed there. However,
the lecturer is in the opposition to the idea. The lecturer claims that there
existed vast civilization. However, European explorer failed to find it rather than
large civilization did not exist. Furthermore, the jungle could obscure the
entire city as in the case of Angkor wat in Cambodia.
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