In this set of materials, both the reading passage and the lecture deal with the reasons why animals play. Regarding this topic, the lecturer argues that there are many theories indicating the phenomenon, but all the theories are uncertain. This contradicts the writer’s assertion that the behavior of animal is based on the three hypothesis.
First of all, according to the lecturer, surplus energy does not cause animals to play. The lecturer points out that animals usually play when they do not have 100% energy. This counters the writer’s claim that, animals play because they need to expend extra energy rested on their body.
Moreover, the lecturer goes on to say that, play does not seem to be able to protect them from predatory. Rather, this ongoing action could put them at risk or even death. This rebuts the writer’s viewpoint that it is instinct action that animals, such as deer, run or leap to escape danger.
Lastly, the lecturer maintains that, animals continue to enjoy entertain even after into adulthood. They are likely to consolidate their relationships entering adulthood. This refutes the writer’s arguments that the living things do recreation for socialization like wolves’ fight. |