▶ Your Answer : In the reading passage, there is ample support for the author's claim that it was impossible for Amazon to form a gigantic and highly developed civilization. However, the professor in the lecture gives several reasons as a rebuttal to the author's point. To begin with, the professor contends that there are signs that large civilization existed in spited of thick forest. The scientists found, from satellite imagery, that ancient raod and canal system that enabled people to cooperate with outher group. This counts the author's suggestion that densed jungle hindered Amazon to form vast civilization, limiting them for communication between other societies and it was difficult to go through rain forest at that time. Next, the professor insists that a number of elaborate remains of pottery have been found in the jungle. Especially in the island next to riverside, researcher earthed beautiful ceramics and vases which is likely to be made by sophisticated technique. This rebutes the author's claim that only uncompicated artifacts such as axes or knives have been found in the reigion, indicating Amazon had been in primitive society. Finally, the professor argues that the scale of reigion explored is tremendous with 5 million sqaure kilometer. It is unsurprising that expedition team could not discover any evidence of complicated organization. However, some ramnants were found by French expedition team in 19 Centruy. This casts doubt on the author's assertion that the teams were not able to validate large civilization even though they had gone through consiberable searchings, and they found only small size of group that scattered each other. |