▶ Your Answer :
In the reading passage, there is ample support for the author’s claim that Amazon has never supported a large, advanced civilization. However, the professor in the lecture gives several reasons as a rebuttal to the author’s point.
First, the professor contends that despite dense jungle of the Amazon rainforest, large civilization would have existed in there. By using satellite images, researchers found that there was canals that passed through the jungle and people in Amazon were able to build these constructions together. This casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that jungle prevent ancient people in Amazon from forming a vast civilization and this terrain makes difficult for people communicate each others.
Second, the professor insists that it is not true that there were no sophisticated artifacts. Expers discovered eleborated artifacts like vase, bowl in certain island near Amazon. They suggests that only developed civilization can make those sophisticated products. This counters the reading passage’s assertion that the excavated artifacts in the Amazon are very simple, unsophisticated.
Finally, the professor argues that due to magnitude, the European expeditons could not discover the advanced society. The Amazon forests are so vast that they could not have explored whole regions. For example, Anchor Wart was found out in mid-19th century. This refutes the reading passage’s suggestion that the European expeditions tried to find the advanced society’s evidence but they discover nothing more than scattered tribes in rudimentary settlement.
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