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1. The chart shows student expenditure over a three-year period in the United Kingdom.
Write a report for a university lecture describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Student expenditure (aged under 26 in higher education) United Kingdom*
Percentage of total expenditure
(1) includes non-essential consumer items and credit repayments
* Source: Student Income and Expenditure Survey. Department for Education and Employment.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other parts of the chart.
1 During the period 1996 to 1999, student spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total expenditure.
2 There was a 3% decrease in spending on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20%.
3 Spending on accommodation went down by 3% from 23% to 20%.
Using prepositions
Complete the following sample report by putting a preposition in each space.
The chart shows the changes which took place in student spending in the United Kingdom during/over the three-year period from 1996 to 1999.
Students spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total expenditure, and there was a 2% decrease in spending on food, bills and household goods, which fell from 20% to 18%. At the same time course expenditure went down by 3% from 10% to 7%. Children, who constituted 1% of students' expenditure in 1996, are not represented in 1999.
On the other hand, there was a 5% growth in spending on entertainment, which stood at 26% of total expenditure in 1996 but rose to 31% in 1999. Spending on other non-essential items and credit repayments grew by 4% to make up 16% of total expenditure. Spending on essential travel went up by 3% while non-essential travel underwent a 1% fall.
Overall, with the exception of expenditure on travel, the most significant general change was a shift from/in spending on essential items to spending on non-essential items
2.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the changes which occurred.
Write at least 150 words.
model answer:
The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.
Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.
(152 words)