▶ Your Answer :
In the reading passage, there is ample support for the author’s claim that it is impossible that there were existed a large, advanced civilization in the Amazon. However, the professor from the lecture gives several reasons as a rebuttal to the author’s point. First, the professor from the lecture contends that the jungle of Amazon was not obstacle for a vast civilization. Recently, an archeologist finds out the ancient road in the Amazon forest. This means people who inhabited near the Amazon was able to walk around and communicate with other population groups, and possible to build up their relationship for organizing a large civilization. This casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that because of the high concentration of forest, communication among different tribes was restricted, resulting in impossibility of establishing a civilization. Next, the professor from the lecture insists that it cannot be true that the artifacts that have been discovered in the Amazon are not sophisticated. According to the recent discovery near the Amazon, seven beautiful ceramic potteries were founded. Those were not easy and simple products, yet in order to make them, highly advanced skills would be required at that time. This counters the reading passage’s assertion that ancient residences of the Amazon were not advanced society since their tools were lack sophistication. Finally, the professor from the lecture argues that European expeditions’ proving is highly doubtful. The Amazon is so vast, thus it is hard to find a large society. It is easy to be obscure for several centuries. Cambodia’s ancient civilization had been covered with forest, so it was found out in nineteen century from French expedition. This implies that a large civilization of the Amazon would be obscured hitherto. This refutes the reading passage’s suggestion that European expeditions into the Amazon proved that no large civilization existed there. |