▶ Your Answer :
In the reading passage, there is ample support for the author's claim that the Etruscan civilization stemmed from Turkish one. However, the professor in the lecture gives several reasons as a rebuttal to the author's point. First, the professor contends that the DNA research conducted in 2004 cannot be reliable evidence. According to the lecture, there are a tremendous array of cases in which DNA data cannot provide a clear basis, because they could have been damaged with the flow of time. Furthermore, there exist opportunities for the data to be adulterated due to continuous contacts between the remains and other people. This casts doubt on the reading passage's claim that DNA gathered from the remains in Etruscan gravesites could give evidence for the deep connection between the Etruscans and Turks. Next, the professor insists that an idea that the type of a language used by the Etruscans is similar to that of the ancient Turks cannot support the migration of them from Turkey. There can exist two languages which have the same sort of alphabet but contain no link between each other. In addition, only those who survived in northen Italy could have used the similar kind of language family. This counters the reading passage's assertion that the study of Etruscan inscriptions and texts demonstrate that the alphabet utilized by the Etruscans originated from that of Turkish. Moreover, these analyses explain that what was used by the Etruscans is perfectly different from the Indo-European languages of which were fairly made use by adjacent countries. Finally, the professor argues that the funerary characteristics of both Etruscan and Turkish cultures do not lead to an idea that the Turkish civilization was the root of Etruscan one. Archaeological studies plainly show that cremation had been practiced for dozens of years before those from Turkey arrived at northen Italy. Thus, the Etruscans may have just succeeded the culture of cremation which remained in that region. This refutes the reading passage's suggestion that no other civilizations but Etruscan one cremated human corpses at that time. |